Herbal Glossary

Specials

Discounts

How to Order

Review Order and Checkout

Contact Us

Home

Alterative

Herbs which purify the blood. Most alteratives promote the cleaning action of the spleen, liver, kidneys, and bowels. Alterative herbs are generally used over a long period of time, to allow for gradual detoxification of the entire bloodstream which will, in turn, improve digestion, assimilation, and glandular secretions.

Apparently, some alterative herbs contain hormones or hormone-like substances that act like endrocrine secretions. Others seem to improve the function of the endrocrine glands, so that they better produce their own secretions. A list of Alterative herbs is available.

Anodyne

Herbs that relieve pain by lessening the scitability of the nerves and nerve centers. Closely allied to antispasmodic herbs. Most anodyne herbs can be used externally as fomentations or internally as teas (infusions or decoctions), tinctures, or powders. A list of Anodyne herbs is available.

Antacid

Herbs which correct acid conditions in the stomach, blood, and bowels. A list of Antacid herbs is available.

Anthelmintic

Herbs that have the ability to destroy intestinal worms and parasites. There are two categories of anthelmintics: 1) vermicides, which are agents that destroy worms without necessarily causing their expulsion from the bowels, and should be followed by or combined with laxative or cathartic herbs; and 2) vermifuges, which are agents that expel worms from the bowels and are usually cathartic herbs. A list of Anthelmintic herbs is available.

Antibiotic

Herbs that inhibit the growth of and destroy viruses and bacteria. These herbs not only destroy germs, but also help to promote the body's own immunity. A list of Antibiotic herbs is available.

Anticatarrhal

Herbs which eliminate mucous conditions. While ridding the body of catarrh (mucous), it is helpful to aid elimination by including laxative herbs for the bowel or diuretic teas to eliminate excess moisture. A list of Anticatarrhal herbs is available.

Antiemetic

Herbs that relieve and suspend nausea and thus prevent vomiting. A list of Antiemetic herbs is available.

Antipyretic

Herbs that are cooling to the system and are used to reduce fevers; also called "refrigerants." A list of Antipyretic herbs is available.

Antiscorbutic

Herbs which combat scurvy, due to their vitamin C content. Also useful in fevers. A list of Antiscorbutic herbs is available.

Antiseptic

Herbs that prevent the growth of bacteria. A list of Antiseptic herbs is available.

Antispasmodic

Herbs that are used for muscular spasms, convulsions, and cramps. A list of Antispasmodic herbs is available.

Antithrombotic

Herbs which prevent blood clots. There herbs should not be taken when there is evidence of bleed, as clotting time will be reduced. Antithrombotic herbs should not be used by persons taking blood thinning agents. A list of Antithrombotic herbs is available.

Aperient

Herbs that produce mild laxative effects which soften the stools without purging. A list of Aperient herbs is available.

Aphrodisiac

Herbs that correct conditions of impotence. A list of Aphrodisiac herbs is available.

Aromatic

Herbs that have a fragrant smell and an agreeable, pungent taste. Aromatic herbs have a stimulating effect on the gastrointestinal mucous membrane because of their essential oils. They have a spicy taste and are used to aid digestion and expel wind from the stomach and bowels. They are also used to cover the taste of bitter herbs. If inflammation of the stomach or bowels is present, aromatic herbs should be avoided. Also see Carminative. A list of Aromatic herbs is available.

Astringent

Herbs that increase tone and firmness of the tissues and lessen mucous discharge from the nose, intestines, vagina, and draining sores. A list of Astringent herbs is available.

Bath

Herbs and salts are added to water to increase or decrease body activities. When adding herbs to bath water, there are two ways of doing so. First, take 4-8 ounces of dried herb, fill and tie off a stocking or cloth bag which is thin enough to let water into and back out of it again, and put the stocking/bag full of herbs in the bath water. In a short time, the herbs will color the water and the bath is ready.

The second way to make an herb bath is to make a gallon of infusion or decoction and just add it to the bath water. The effect desired depends on the length of time you remain in the tub, the temperature of the water, and the herb you choose.

Salt baths will relax the body and help draw out toxins during skin and blood diseases. To draw out poisons, use warmer water (98.6oF to 106oF) with one to five pounds epsom salts and the appropriate herb(s). The greater the amount of salt, the more perspiration is produced. When taking a hot salt bath, keep a cool towel over the forehead, another at the back of the neck, and a third over the heart area. This bath is fatiguing and should be done with caution. The time to remain in the warm salt water depends upon the strength of the individual. Usually from 20-45 minutes is sufficient.

Colder water (65oF to 75oF) with just one to two cups epsom salts (and the appropriate herbs) will produce a tonic, refreshing effect. The colder the water, the more tonic effect produced and less soaking time is indicated.

Bolus

A suppository inserted into the rectum or vagina to draw out toxins and to treat tumors, swellings, infections, cysts, hemorrhoids, and inflammations.

In treating vaginal infections, boluses are only used when douches do not suffice or when a severe infection needs constant attention. Since douches should not be used too regularly, when infections persist boluses can be used to supplement the treatment. Usually, taking antiseptic and antibiotic herbs orally will help clear up the infection without the long term use of douches or boluses.

Astringents, demulcents, and antibioticherbs are used to make up boluses. To makie a bolus, slowly popur melted cocoa butter over the powdered herbs while stirring. When it becomes a thick dough-like consistency, the mixture is finished. Roll into strips about 1/2 inch thick and 3/4 inches long. Sometimes it is better to chill the mixture for a while before rolling it into suppositories. Then refrigerate them and they will become hard.

Slippery elm can be used in place of cocoa butter. Add 10% powdered slippery elm to the chosen herbs. This 10% slippery elm can be by volume or by weightr. Mix in well by putting the herbs in a blender or stirring by hand. Then follow the same directions above, except add water to the mixture instead of melted cocoa butter. Let the boluses dry by leaving them exposed to the sun or in an oven under low heat, being careful not to burn them. As soon as they are dry, put them in a jar and refrigerate them.

Before inserting a bolus, let it warm at room temperature 15-20 minutes. For easier insertion, dip it into olive oil or warm water and insert immediately. The best time to use a bolus is in the evening before bed or during long rest periods. The cocoa butter boluses will melt, so take precautions to protect clothing and bedding. Boluses can become messy. Many times a warm water douche has to be used to clean the vagina properly.

Cardiac

Herbs that increase the power of the heart. A list of Cardiac herbs is available.

Carminative

Herbs that contain volatile oils which stimulate the expulsion of flatus (gas) from the gastrointestinal tract. Carminatives also increase the tone of the musculature and stimulate peristalsis. Aromatic herbs are also carminatives. A list of Carminative herbs is available.

Cathartic

Herbs that cause a rapid evacuation from the upper intestines and the bowels. A list of Cathartic herbs is available.

Cholagogue

Herbs that promote the flow of bile. A list of Cholagogue herbs is available.

Condiment

Herbs that are used to season foods and increase digestive activity. Most are good for treating gas and indigestion. A list of Condiment herbs is available.

Demulcent

Herbs that soften and relieve irritation of the mucous membranes. Also used in combination with other powders to bind them when making pills. A list of Demulcent herbs is available.

Decoction

Decoctions are used to extract the deeper healing qualities of stems, roots and barks. The herbs are simmered for between 15-45 minutes. Many times, decoctions are left uncovered during the simmering, to evaporate some of the water (resulting in a stronger decoction). Decoctions are best used immediately, but must be used within 24 hours. Refrigerate after making, if the decoction is not to be used immediately.

Deobstruent

Herbs that remove obstructions. Also see Aperient and Laxative. Note that obstructions, particularly bowel obstructions, are a very serious, life-threatening problem and should not be treated with herbs alone. If you suspect an obstruction, seek medical attention immediately. A list of Deobstruent herbs is available.

Diaphoretic

Herbs that increase perspiration. Diaphoretics influence the entire circulatory system. There are three categories of diaphoretics: 1) stimulating, 2) neutral, and 3) relaxing. A list of Diaphoretic herbs is available.

Discutient

Herbs that dissolve and remove tumors and abnormal growths. Used in poultices, fomentations, and taken internally as teas infusions or decoctions. Note that all tumors and growths should be examined by a health care practitioner before treatment with herbs, and a qualified practitioner should be involved in all herbal treatments for these conditions. A list of Discutient herbs is available.

Diuretic

Herbs that increase the flow of urine. Usually combined with demulcents to sooth any irritation from acids or gravel. Diuretic herbs can be used in the treatment of backache, prostatitis, sciatic, kidney stones, bladder ache, lymphatic swelling, scalding urine, gonorrhea, skin eruptions, water retention, and obesity. A list of Diuretic herbs is available.

Douche

A douche is used to treat vaginal infections and excessive secretions which are usually a sign of a poor diet, too high in protein and starches.

A douche is prepared by making a strong decoction or infusion using herbs such as goldenseal, myrrh, plantain, slippery elm and white oak bark (for excessive secretions or bleeding). Add one tablespoon of apple cider vingear to one quart of tea to help maintain an acid pH. Insert the douch carefuly while the tea is still warm, and retain for three to five minutes.

Douches are usually administered once daily for 5-7 days, and only during the infectious period, and once a month for maintenance.

Emetic

Herbs that induce vomiting. Usually administered in tincture or as teas (infusions or decoctions). A list of Emetic herbs is available.

Emmenagogue

Herbs that promote menstrual flow. These herbs should never be used during pregnancy, and should only be administered for emmenagogue applications by someone who is proficient in the use of herbs. A list of Emmenagogue herbs is available.

Emollient

Herbs that are used in remedies applied externally to soften and soothe. They are applied in salves, fomentations, and poultices, and may be taken internally for their demulcent quality. A list of Emollient herbs is available.

Enema

An enema is a way of injecting large amounts of water into the bowel to wash out toxins, ease pain during constipation, relax the body, and treat headaches, backaches, etc. Herbal teas made into a decoction or infusion can have laxative effects, sedative, stimulating, or any other effect you are trying to produce. Choose the herb that has that specific property and use it as an enema. Astringent herbs clean the bowel and are used for bleeding. Add one tablespoon of apple cider vinegar to one quart of liquid when using water or herbal tea enemas.

enemas can be used in treating just about every acture or chronic disease. Many times they bring faster results than by taking oral remedies, and they can greatly assist the action of all other herbal preparations.

Expectorant

Herbs that facilitate the excretion of mucous from the throat and lungs. Usually combined with demulcents, which are soothing. A list of Expectorant herbs is available.

Extract (liquid)

Liquid extracts are concentrated tinctures, and may be five times as strong as tinctures. Many herbalists feel that the dosage of fluid extracts should be the same as a tincture, or a few drops less. Fluid extracts are made in the same manner as tinctures, with the exception that more herbal material is used proportionally when making an extract.

Febrifuge

Herbs that reduce fevers. A list of Febrifuge herbs is available.

Fomentation

Fomentations are used to stimulate circulation of blood and lymph, to relieve colic, to warm joints and other body parts, to relieve gas and pain, and reduce internal inflammations. Alternating hot and cold fomentations will stimulate and bring activity to an area (a good treatment for urine retention, constipation, sluggish circulation, etc).

To prepare a fomentation, soak a cotton towel in an herbal tea infusion or decoction which is as hot as can be tolerated. Fold, wring the towel slightly, and pl,ace on affected area. Place a layer of plastic over the hot towel, then place a thick dry towel or heating pad on top, in order to keep the heat it. Resaturate the towel in hot infusion/decoction periodically.

Galactagogue

Herbs that help increase the secretion of milk from nursing mothers. A list of Galactagogue herbs is available.

Gargle

A gargle is a double strength infusion made to wash the mouth and back of the throat. Usually, goldenseal is used for ulcers or pus in the mouth. Appropriate tinctures or essentials oils added to water can also be used as gargles. For example, combine one cup water with four drops tincture of myrrh. A good, stimulating and antiseptic gargle for canker sores, bad breath, bleeding gums or pyorrhea is made by adding one drop peppermint essential oil to one cup water.

Hemostatic

Herbs that arrest internal bleeding or hemorrhaging. Also see astringent. Persons taking blood thinning agents should not take hemostatic herbs. A list of Hemostatic herbs is available.

Hepatic

Herbs that strengthen, tone, and stimulate the secretive functions of the liver. Useful in the treatment of jaundice and hepatitis. A list of Hepatic herbs is available.

Infused Oil

Infused oils are usually made from ints, spices and aromatic herbs. They are applied externally to treat skin diseases, bring more circulation and warmth to an area, for painful joints, to give massages, for dry skin, and to be rubbed on the skin surface before applying a poultice or fomentation to enhance the treatment.

To make an infused oil, add two ounces of dried cut-and-sifted (C/S) herb to one pint of olive oil or almond oil. Bake in the oven at a temperature of 115-200oF until the herbs are crisp. Strain and put into a dark bottle. Olive oil usually has a long shelf life before it goes rancid.

Infused oils can also be made by putting the herb/oil mixture into a jar and setting it in the sun for five days (fewer days in hotter climates). Shake daily, strain, and bottle.

For either method,a preservative agent must be added to the finished infused oil. Add two drops of tincture of benzoin for each ounce of oil (the preferred preservative), or add the contents of one 400 IU capsule of Vitamin E for each cup of oil.

Essential oils may also be added to infused oils for therapeutic purposes. Add ten drops to one ounce of the appropriate essential oil for each cup of the finished infused oil. Never add the essential oils before applying heat to the infused oil, as this will dissipate the essential oils.

Infusion

Infusions are prepared by using one ounce of herb to one pint of water. The water is brought to a boil and poured over the herbs. Cover with a tight-fitting lid and let stand for 20 minutes, then strain and drink. Infusions can also be made as "sun tea" by placing the herbs into a large glass jar with a cover, and setting it in the sun for 2-4 hours.

Infusions are prepared when the volatile oils in herbs are needed, or when the herbal constituents are extracted from flowers or leaves. Infusions are used hot or cold (strain and let them cool, or keep in the refrigerator). Decoctions are best used immediately, but must be used within 24 hours. Refrigerate after making, if the decoction is not to be used immediately.

Laxative

Herbs that promote bowel action. A list of Laxative herbs is available.

Liniment

A liniment is a fluid extract applied to the skin in cases of strained muscles, sore joints, arthritis, and most any types of inflammation. Stimulating herbs are combined with antispasmodic herbs. Essential oils may be added to plasters when deep penetration is needed.

To make a liniment, add one pint of alcohol (preferably not rubbing alcohol) or vinegar to four ounces of herb(s). Seal tightly and let set for 14 days, or for 3-7 days if needed sooner. Shake a few times daily. Strain, and add 10-30 drops essential oils if desired. Wintergreen and eucalyptus essential oils are often used for deep-rooted problems. Keep all liniments in dark bottles and store in a cool, dark place. Liniments made with alcohol will preserve well.

Lithotriptic

Herbs that dissolve and discharge urinary and gall bladder stones and gravel. A list of Lithotriptic herbs is available.

Lymphatic

Herbs that stimulate and cleanse the lymphatic system. A list of Lymphatic herbs is available.

Making Herbal Pills

Homemade herbal pills have several advantages over capsules or tablets. They do not contain animal products, which is a plus for vegetarians. They do not contain fillers, which is a plus for those who suffer from allergies to tableting agents. You know eactly what has gone into pills that you make yourself. They can be made any size, for ease of swallowing.

The dried herb is ground fine, and a small amount of slippery elm (usually 1/10 of the mixture) is added. Add small amounts of water while mixing, keeping the preparation firm. Rollinto small pills about the size of a pea. To dry the pills, spread them out on a dish and leave them to dry at room temperature. When dry, bottle them and keep them in a cool, dry place. When giving pills to children, they can be dipped in honey, molasses, or peanut butter to help cover the taste.

Mucilage

Herbs that have mucilaginous properties used to soothe inflammed parts. Also see Demulcent. A list of Mucilage herbs is available.

Nervine

Herbs that act as a tonic to the nerves. Used to relieve pain and regulate the nervous system. A list of Nervine herbs is available.

Nutritive

Herbs that supply a substantial amount of nutrients and aid in building and toning the body. A list of Nutritive herbs is available.

Opthalmic

Herbs that are used for healing diseases of the eyes. A list of Opthalmic herbs is available.

Oxytocic

Herbs that assist labor and promote easy childbirth. The use of these herbs during any phase of pregnancy requires a great deal of knowledge in herbology. A list of Oxytocic herbs is available.

Parasiticide

Herbs that kill and remove parasites from the skin. A list of Parasiticide herbs is available.

Pectoral

Herbs that influence the lungs. Demulcents may also be used for lung conditions, though their use is more general for a variety of mucuous membranes. A list of Pectoral herbs is available.

Plaster

Plasters are herbal preparations that are applied externally to snake bites, sores, inflammation, etc. To make a plaster, powdered herb is moistened with warm water and spread on a linen, cotton, or silk cloth and applied to the skin. Cover with another cloth or plastic to keep in the moisture. Plasters are usually applied to the chest, stomach, kidneys, or lower back.

Plasters can be stimulating or relaxing, depending upon the herbs used. To produce a specific effect, choose the herbs which have the healing properties desired. Tinctures, fluid extracts, infusions, liniments, essential oils, and decoctions may also be added to plasters to increase their effectiveness.

Mustard and comfrey root powder are frequently used in plasters. Mustard plasters (and plasters made with other harsh herbs, such as cayenne) should be watched carefully so they do not cause blistering on the skin. Before applying plasters made with harsh herbs, rub the body part generously with olive, castor, or peanut oil.

Poultice

Poultices are used to heal bruises, break up congestion, reduce inflammation, withdraw pus, toxins and embedded particles in the skin, and to soothe irritation.

A poultice is a pulverized or powdered mass of herbs moistened with water, tinctures, infusions, salves, infused oils, or decoctions, and applied wet to the surface of the skin. If the fresh herb is to be used, it can be pulverized and applied directly to the skin without moistening. A cloth is then wrapped around the poultice to hold it in place if there will be movement or walking.

Purgative

Herbs that have an energetic evacuative effect. Usually combined with Carminatives to lessen griping. A list of Purgative herbs is available.

Rubefacient

Herbs that are used as local external applications to stimulate and increase the blood flow to the surface. A list of Rubefacient herbs is available.

Salve

Salves are used to treat boils, dry skin, and itchy skin conditions. Some salves are used just to moisturize and tone the skin. Astringentherbs will help tone the skin, while demulcent herbs will soften and keep the surface moist and healthy looking.

An herbal salve is made by first heating an infused oil and adding beeswax (usually around one and one-half ounces to one pint of oil) to give it a thick consistency. Add a little more beeswax in hot climiates. Remember that the salve will thicken as it hardens upon cooling.

Another method of making a salve is to macerate dried herbs and add to melted pork lard or lanolin. Add lard or lanolin to just ocver the herbs. Simmer on top of the stove or bake in an oven until the herbs become crisp. Strain while hot. The lard or lanolin will harden upon cooling.

Sedative

Herbs that allay excitement of functional activities of an organ or body part. These herbs influence the circulation, reducing nervous expenditure. A list of Sedative herbs is available.

Sialagogue

Herbs that promote an increased flow of saliva. A list of Sialagogue herbs is available.

Stimulant

Herbs that serve as natural agents in assisting the functional activity of the body, increasing energy. A list of Stimulant herbs is available.

Stomachic

Herbs that strengthen the functions of the stomach. Usually bitter in flavor, which promotes and improves digestion and appetite. A list of Stomachic herbs is available.

Styptic

Herbs that arrest bleeding, hemorrhaging and draining wounds. Usually astringents and may be used externally or internally. Not to be used internally by persons taking blood thinning agents. A list of Styptic herbs is available.

Syrup

A syrup is used for coughs, inflammations of the throat, and to soothe the stomach and intestinal tract.

Add two ounces of herb(s) to one quart of water. Simmer with the top off thepot until the volume is reduced to one-half the original amount. Strain and while warm add 2-4 ounces of honey or vegetable glycerine to preserve. You may also squeeze one-half a lemon and add a pinch of cayenne to the finished product to make it more effective.

Tincture

Tinctures are herbal extracts that can be preserved over long period of time. They are usually used when herbs have to be taken over a long period of time because they can be carried around easily and taken in just a little water or directly under the tongue. Also, they are prefered by many herbalists when treating severe infections because of the rapid absorption, and the dosage can be changed easily. (Instead of trying to divide up capsules or tablets to change the dosage, drops of tincture can be added or subtracted.) The course of many infrections change rapidly, and it is easier to gauge dosages by drops. Another advantage is that tinctures can be added to juices if they are bitter.

Tinctures are easily added to fomentations, infusions, decoctions, and poultices to enhance the healing properties. If there is an aversion to alcohol or vinegar, tinctures can be made with glycerine (though an alcohol-based tincture is preferred when possible). The final concentration of alcohol in a tincture should not be less than 30%. When buying brandy, gin, or vodka for tinctures, the proof number is twice the alcohol content, so the minimum proof for the alcohol is 60. Tinctures are usually prepared with an alcohol content from 30-60%, or even higher. If the tincture needs to be diluted, it can be added to a small glass of water.

To make a tincture, combine 4 ounces of powdered or cut/sifted herb with 1 pint alcohol (gin, brandy, or vodka), vegetable glycerin, or raw apple cider vinegar. Combine herbs and alcohol in a container with a tight lid, let stand for 14 days, shaking container twice daily. Strain liquid by pressing through muslin or other suitable cloth (wash the cloth before using to ensure that no processing chemicals remain on the material). Pour the liquid into amber bottles and cap tightly. Amber bottles with dropper lids are preferable. Store tinctures in a cool, dark place.

Tonic

Herbs that increase energy and strengthen the body. The effect of tonic herbs is to increase the strength of the muscular and nervous system while improving digestion and assimilation, resulting in a general sense of well-being. A list of Tonic herbs is available.

Vulnerary

Herbs that promote the healing of cuts, wounds and burns by protecting against infection and by stimulating cellular growth. A list of Vulnerary herbs is available.

Specials

Discounts

How to Order

Review Order and Checkout

Contact Us

Home

Search our Catalog

Products by Manufacturer

Products by Category